Textbook in PDF format This book is not only about the history of mathematics, but also by telling the story of some of the most distinctive personalities in the history of mathematics, it goes on to reveal the various strange treasures, bright flowers and hidden passions of the mathematical kingdom. Some of these mathematicians were thinkers, writers, poets, musicians, painters, politicians, judges, soldiers, clerks, young men of society or even prisoners. The mathematical world constructed by these geniuses is exquisite, and a walk in such a world not only expands our mathematical horizons and imagination, but also raises our humanistic cultivation to a higher level