Textbook in PDF format This book, Energy Level Alignment of Solid Interfaces, focuses on the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of metal–semiconductor interfaces and the band offset (BO) of semiconductor heterojunction interfaces, which are crucial to the performance of advanced solid-state devices and have been extensively investigated for decades. These interface parameters are direct results of interface charge distribution and should be explained on that basis. For a long time, however, such a scientifically grounded approach was not possible, and the explanation of SBH and BO largely relied on empirical models