Textbook in PDF format This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamentals behind mathematical modeling of engineering problems to obtain the required solution. It comprehensively discusses modeling concepts through conservation principles with a proper blending of mathematical expressions. The text discusses the basics of governing equations in algebraic and differential forms and examines the importance of mathematics as a tool in modeling. It covers important topics including modeling of heat transfer problems, modeling of flow problems, modeling advection-diffusion problems and Navier-Stokes equations in depth. Pedagogical features including solved problems and unsolved exercises are interspersed throughout the text for better understanding. The textbook is primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of mechanical engineering for courses on modeling and simulation. The textbook will be accompanied by teaching resource including a solution manual for the instructors