Textbook in PDF format The book provides different avenues to study algorithms. It also brings new techniques and methodologies to problem solving in Computational Sciences, Engineering, Scientific Computing, and Medicine (imaging, radiation therapy), to mention a few. A plethora of algorithms which are universally applicable is presented in a sound analytical way. The seventy chapters are written independently of each other, so they can be understood without reading earlier chapters. However, some knowledge of Analysis, Linear Algebra, and computing experience is required. The organization and content of the book cater to senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, practitioners, professionals, and academicians in the aforementioned disciplines. It can also be used as a reference book and includes numerous references and open problems