Textbook in PDF format This book provides a comprehensive exploration of piezoelectric polymers and composites, detailing their structures, fabrication, and applications across fields such as biomedical, electronic, and environmental science. Addressing the demands of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things, it delves into the most relevant materials like Polyvinylidene Fluoride and Poly-l-Lactic Acid, highlighting their properties, functionality, and versatility in energy harvesting, sensing, actuation, and biomedical applications, among others. Each chapter introduces fundamental concepts, recent advancements, and future directions, serving as both a reference for current knowledge and a guide for ongoing research in piezoelectric materials science. Piezoelectric Polymers and Polymer Composites Synthetic Piezoelectric Polymers Organic and Biological Piezoelectric Materials Fundamentals of Piezoelectric Poly(L-lactide): Chain Morphology, Characterization, and Processing Piezoelectric Characterization of the Shear Piezoelectric Poly(L-lactide) Piezoelectric Polymer Composites Piezoelectric Polymer Blends Interfacing Biomedical Technologies Application of Piezoelectric Polymers in Additive Manufacturing Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators for Electronic Applications Piezoelectric Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Storage and Harvesting Applications Fascinating PVDF for Harvesting Applications Electrocaloric Polymers and Related Materials Hydrogel-Based Piezoelectric Film Devices for Biomedical Applications Piezoelectric Polymers for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Membranes for Water Remediation Challenges and Outlook