Textbook in PDF format Microbial diversity and microbial technology are critical to achieving most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), mainly due to their central role in the provision and regulation of ecosystem services. Despite this intensification of effort, more than 90% of microbial diversity remains to be discovered. Thus, the most unique characteristic of microbial technology is the exceptional diversity of applications it can address and the range of human activities and needs to which it is and can be applied. Separately, nanotechnology and microbiology have produced innovative solutions for human well-being and ecological and environmental equilibrium. The development of interdisciplinary research practices combining nanotechnology and microbiology to deliver creative solutions for human health and environmental and ecological damage is urgently required. The nanotechnology of microorganisms is contributing to the development and innovation of numerous industries