Textbook in PDF format Crucial to generate knowledge and to inform decision making Questions like ”What if?” and ”Why?” are everywhere and inherently causal The underlying concept of Causality is a long-standing topic in Philosophy Causal inference aims to quantify the efect of a cause using data and is ubiquitous, e.g. in clinical trials as driver of the ”credibility revolution” in economics and social science in general to inform business decision making