Textbook in PDF format Handbook of 2D Materials for a Sustainable Future reviews a cutting‑edge area of materials science with enormous potential for a wide range of applications. It provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the recent advancements of two‑dimensional (2D) materials alongside their functional modifications and practical applications, with a forward‑looking view on sustainable and scalable technologies. Volume Two provides a comprehensive exploration of the evolution, properties, and applications of 2D materials. Beginning with the historical and scientific background, it looks at the diverse functionalities of graphene, such as its role in biosensors and energy storage. It expands to other 2D materials like transition metal diselenides for solar cells, MXenes, and fullerene. It addresses broader energy applications and biomedical uses of 2D materials for neurodegenerative disorders. Key Features: Covers foundational concepts and emerging advancements in 2D materials. Integrates interdisciplinary applications across energy, environmental science, electronics, and biomedicine, showcasing the broad utility of 2D materials. Highlights cutting‑edge research on MXenes, graphene quantum dots, and 2D heterostructures, areas not comprehensively covered in existing literature. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students, and professionals in materials science, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, and applied physics. It serves as both a reference for experienced scientists and a foundational guide for those new to the field, fostering new ideas and future breakthroughs in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Evolution of Two Dimensional (2D) Materials Graphene and Graphene Based 2D Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Sensing, Catalysis, Antibacterial Activity, and Drug Delivery Recent Developments in Graphene and Its Derivatives for Electrochemical (Bio)sensors as Well as Energy Storage Applications Graphene Based Nanocomposite Materials for Green Hydrogen Production MXene Based Hybrid Composite: An Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Environmental Contamination Layered 2D Transition Metal Diselenides for Solar Cells Two Dimensional Graphitic Carbon Nitride–Based Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Properties and Food Quality Analysis Recent Breakthroughs in Fullerene C60 Nanostructures for Organic Photovoltaic Advancements Two‑Dimensional (2D) Materials for Solar Cells and Supercapacitor Applications Advances in Graphene and TMDs‑Based 2D Materials for Neurodegenerative Disorders Inorganic Nanosheets Based Photocatalysis: Recent Insights into Water Purification Application 2D Materials for a Sustainable Future Recent Development in Tribological Properties of 2D Nanomaterials as Lubricant Additives MXene‑Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications Two Dimensional MXene‑Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications Ti3C2 MXene as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Experimental and Computational Insights into the MXene Based Nanocomposite Systems for Enhanced Fuel Cell Applications Carbon‑Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications